@article {12109,
	title = {A pilot study to compare programming effort for two parallel programming models},
	journal = {Journal of Systems and Software},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008/11//},
	pages = {1920 - 1930},
	abstract = {ContextWriting software for the current generation of parallel systems requires significant programmer effort, and the community is seeking alternatives that reduce effort while still achieving good performance.
Objective
Measure the effect of parallel programming models (message-passing vs. PRAM-like) on programmer effort.
Design, setting, and subjects
One group of subjects implemented sparse-matrix dense-vector multiplication using message-passing (MPI), and a second group solved the same problem using a PRAM-like model (XMTC). The subjects were students in two graduate-level classes: one class was taught MPI and the other was taught XMTC.
Main outcome measures
Development time, program correctness.
Results
Mean XMTC development time was 4.8\&$\#$xa0;h less than mean MPI development time (95\% confidence interval, 2.0{\textendash}7.7), a 46\% reduction. XMTC programs were more likely to be correct, but the difference in correctness rates was not statistically significant (p\&$\#$xa0;=\&$\#$xa0;.16).
Conclusions
XMTC solutions for this particular problem required less effort than MPI equivalents, but further studies are necessary which examine different types of problems and different levels of programmer experience.
},
	keywords = {effort, empirical study, Message-passing, MPI, parallel programming, PRAM, XMT},
	isbn = {0164-1212},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2007.12.798},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121208000125},
	author = {Hochstein, Lorin and Basili, Victor R. and Vishkin, Uzi and Gilbert,John}
}
